1. Margaret Crawford, "Can Architects be Socially Responsible?" Out of Site: A Social Criticism of Architecture, Diane Ghirardo, ed. (Seattle: Bay Press, 1991), p. 43.

2. Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter, Collage City (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1978).

3. Mickey Kaus, The End of Equality (New York: Basic Books, 1992), p. 17.

4. Ibid., p. 18.

5. Ibid., p. 79.

6. Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960).

7. Amitai Etzioni, The Spirit of Community (New York: Touchstone, 1993).

8. Robert Reich as quoted in The End of Equality, p. 17.

9. Spiro Kostoff, The City Shaped (London: Bulfinch Press, 1991), p. 164.

10. Ibid., p. 192.

11. Ebenezer Howard, "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform," in Kostoff, The City Shaped, p. 203.

12. Joel Garreau, Edge City (New York: Doubleday, 1991), chapter 1, pp. 1–16.

13. Jonathan Barnett, The Fractured Metropolis (New York: Harper Collins, 1995), introduction, pp. 1–13.

14. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1961).

15. William H. Whyte, ed., The Exploding Metropolis (New York: Time, Inc., 1957).

16. Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), chapter 1, pp. 2–17.

17. Doug Kelbaugh, ed., The Pedestrian Pocket Book: A New Suburban Design Strategy (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1989).

18. Garreau, Edge City, pp. 6–7.

19. Ibid., p. 350.

20. Richard Sennett, "The Passive Body," in GSD News (Winter 1995), Harvard University Graduate School of Design, p. 28.

21. E. J. Dionne, Why Americans Hate Politics (New York: Touchstone, 1991), pp. 333–334.
     

Illustration Credits

Figures 1, 10: Spiro Kostoff, The City Shaped (London: Thames and Hudson, 1991), pp. 161, 194.

Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9: Maps courtesy of Harvard Map Collection, Pusey Library, Harvard University.

Figure 11: Plan by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, as published in Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), p. 3.

Figures 12, 13: George Thrush Design; 12 drawn by S. Raffone, E. Egbertson, and R. Chaskelson; 13 by K. Giannattasio (both copyright © George Thrush and Northeastern University, 1995).

Special thanks to Salvatore Raffone for drawing figures 2, 3, 4, and 12.